Adobe Reader

Adobe Reader

Adobe Reader software is the global standard for electronic document sharing. It is the only PDF file viewer that can open and interact with all PDF documents. Use Adobe Reader to view, search, digitally sign, verify, print, and collaborate on Adobe PDF files.

• View, print, and search PDF files, including PDF Portfolios and PDF maps
• Author, store, and share documents, and share your screen, using Acrobat.com services
• Experience richer content and greater interactivity with native support for Adobe Flash technology
• Review documents using familiar commenting tools such as sticky notes, highlighting, lines, shapes, and stamps (When enabled by Acrobat Pro or Acrobat Pro Extended)
• Digitally sign PDF documents (When enabled by Acrobat Pro or Acrobat Pro Extended)

Adobe Acrobat is a family of application software and web services developed by Adobe Systems to view, create, manipulate, print and manage files inPortable Document Format (PDF).^[14]

The family comprises Reader (formerly Acrobat Reader), Acrobat (formerly Acrobat Exchange) and Acrobat.com. The freeware Adobe Reader, available for several desktop and mobile platforms, can view, print and annotate PDF files.^[15] The commercial proprietary Acrobat, available for Windows and OS Xonly, can also create, edit, convert, digitally sign, encrypt, export and publish PDF files. Acrobat.com complements the family with a variety of enterprise content management and file hosting services.

Since the early 1990s, the Acrobat product has had several competitors, some of which used their own document formats, such as:

• AnyView from Binar Graphics company
• Common Ground from No Hands Software company
• Envoy from WordPerfect Corporation
• Folio from NextPage company
• Replica from Farallon Computing company
• WorldView from Interleaf company
• DjVu from AT&T Laboratories/DjVu Project/LizardTech/Varolmak/Caminova

By the late 1990s PDF had become the de facto standard. This has resulted in the development of both free and commercial programs that create or manipulate PDF. Adobe also allows Acrobat plug-ins to be developed by third parties, which can add extra functions to the Acrobat program.

Product names[edit]

Adobe has changed the names of the products of the Acrobat set regularly, also dividing, merging, or discontinuing products. Initially, the name "Acrobat" was used as the parent name of a set of products which included Acrobat Reader, Acrobat Exchange and Acrobat Distiller. Over time Acrobat Reader became Reader; and the name Acrobat Exchange was simplified to Acrobat. Between version 3 and 5, Standard and Professional versions were one product known simply as Acrobat.

As of March 2013, the current main members of the Acrobat family are:^[16]

Desktop apps:

• Reader XI
• Acrobat XI Standard (includes Acrobat Distiller)
• Acrobat XI Pro (includes Acrobat Distiller)

Mobile apps:

• Reader for Android (10.6.1)
• Reader for iOS (11.0.1)
• Reader for Windows Phone 8 (10.1.0.0)
• Reader Touch (1.2)

Acrobat.com (Online services):

• CreatePDF
• ExportPDF
• EchoSign
• FormsCentral
• Personal Storage
• SendNow
• Workspaces

Unlike most other Adobe products, such as members of Adobe Creative Suite family, the Acrobat products do not have icons that display two letters on a colored rectangular shape.

Acrobat

Acrobat 1.0 was released originally on 15 June 1993 for Macintosh computers. It was released later for the operating systems DOS andWindows 3.1. This was not available as single copies and was not initially free, with Acrobat Reader priced originally at $50 per user.^[17]After a while, the Internal Revenue Service of the United States purchased a right to distribute the program Reader 1.0, effectively making it seem free to those who obtained it that way.

Adobe Acrobat 1.0 included:

• Support for PDF version 1.0.
• Acrobat Exchange 1.0 (included PDFWriter printer driver and Acrobat Exchange application).
• Acrobat Distiller 1.0, a software application that creates a PDF file from a PostScript source.

Version 2.0[edit]

Acrobat 2.0 was first released during September 1994 for the operating systems Windows and Macintosh. It included:

• Support for PDF version 1.1.
• Acrobat Exchange 2.0.
• Acrobat Catalog, which creates searchable indexes for PDF files. Searching required a special version of Acrobat Reader or Acrobat Exchange.

Acrobat Professional 2.0 was also released, which included Acrobat Exchange plus the program Distiller.

Adobe also released the first Acrobat Plug-ins SDK; allowing third party developers to create plug-in programs for the Acrobat Exchange application.

Version 3.0[edit]

Acrobat 3.0 was released during November 1996. It was the first release usable with Windows 95, and the last to be usable with Windows 3.1. It was also the first version to display PDF files inside web browsers, and the first to have form-filling functions. Later, an update to version 3.02 introduced extended forms capabilities and JavaScript. Adobe Acrobat 3.0 included:

• Usability with PDF version 1.2.
• A free Reader that allows searching (It was not part of the default copy).
• Acrobat Catalog.
• A Distiller printer driver.

Version 4.0[edit]

Acrobat 4.0 was released during April 1999. It included:

• Usability with PDF version 1.3.
• Usability, by plug-ins, with Public key infrastructure (PKI) and digital signatures.

Adobe also released Distiller Server 4.0, a version of Distiller for Windows, Linux and Solaris that is licensed to multiple users, as well as Acrobat Business Tools 4.0, a limited version of Acrobat.

Version 5.0[edit]

Acrobat 5.0 was released in May 2001. It included usability with for PDF version 1.4 and was the last version to be usable with Windows 95. Acrobat 5.0.5 was the first to be able to operative native in Mac OS X, but also operated in Mac OS 9.

This version did not include PDFWriter with the Macintosh release.^[18]

Acrobat Reader 5.1, the subsequent version of Acrobat Reader usable with the Adobe LiveCycle Reader Extensions for forms saving.

Adobe also released Distiller Server 5.0 and Acrobat Approval 5.0, a limited version of Acrobat mainly sold to people who wanted to digitally sign PDF files or save fill-in forms.

Version 6.0[edit]

Acrobat 6.0 was released during July 2003. This version introduced significant changes to the set of Adobe Acrobat:

• Adobe Acrobat Standard 6.0 was released. It is a limited version of Acrobat Professional that includes Distiller but lacks Adobe Catalog, form design features and pre-press support.
• Adobe Acrobat Elements 6.0 was introduced. It enabled PDF creation but was intended for the corporate market and was onlyvolume-licensed for a minimum of 1000 licenses. It was available for Microsoft Windows only.
• Acrobat Elements Server 6.0, a server software version of Acrobat Elements, was introduced.
• Adobe Acrobat Reader was renamed Adobe Reader.
• Distiller printer driver was renamed Adobe PDF.
• PDFWriter, a printer driver used to create PDF files, was discontinued in favor of the Adobe PDF printer driver to Distiller.
• A new version of Adobe Catalog was included, which was not compatible with earlier products for searching.
• Support for many operating systems was ended. Mac OS 9 was no longer compatible. No version of Adobe Acrobat for Linux orUnix was released. Adobe Acrobat Standard was not compatible with Windows 95 and Windows 98, although it was usable withWindows 98 SE. Adobe Acrobat Professional ceased to be compatible with Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows Me.

This version included:

• Usability with PDF version 1.5.
• Usability with PKI (without a plug-in) via Microsoft CryptoAPI.
• Usability with "Reader enabling", allowing Adobe Reader to save, sign or annotate PDF files if the PDF file allowed.

Version 6 of the application was criticized for its performance. Adobe Acrobat 6 is slow to load and use. The Acrobat 6 plug-ins for web browsers were also criticized for suffering from bad performance and potentially rendering one's web browser non-responsive.^[19]

Version 7.0[edit]

Adobe Acrobat 7.0 was released during January 2005:^[20] It was the first version to include a mandatory product activation. It included:

• Usability with PDF version 1.6.
• Usability with Adobe Policy Server rights management.
• Usability with embedded 3D object information from the .u3d Universal 3D format.

The Adobe Acrobat 7 set experienced multiple changes. Adobe Acrobat 7 Professional for Windows now included Adobe LiveCycle Designer 7.0. Adobe Elements 7.0 was also released which was still only sold by volume licensing outlets but decreased the minimum licenses limit to 100 licenses. Finally, another edition of Adobe Acrobat, Acrobat 3D, was added to the set.

Adobe Acrobat 3D included all of the functionality of Acrobat Professional 7.0 as well as updated assistance for embedded 3D computer graphics, tools for capturing 3D content from OpenGL applications, and the Adobe Acrobat 3D Toolkit for converting CAD documents to PDF objects. Also included is a version of the capture tool for installation on Unix systems.

Acrobat 7 further ended usability with Windows 98 Second Edition and Windows Me. However, Adobe released editions of Adobe Reader for Linux, Solaris (SPARC only), HP-UX and IBM AIX.

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